Seminars

X-ray imaging has been emerging in life science [1] as well as materials science [2], mostly due to high penetration capability of hard x-rays that enables one to visualize thick and live biological specimen in real-time. X-ray imaging produces images of very high quality, in particular, for whole organs with high resolution. In this seminar, principle of x-ray imaging will be introduced, mainly focusing on phase contrast imaging that vividly provides images of various biological samples with high resolution. [3] Applications of x-ray imaging will be then demonstrated for i) 3-D microarchitecture of cerebella and Purkinje cell dendrites in reeler mice [4], ii) acervuli in human pineal gland [5], and iii) defective folliculogenesis in female mice ovaries [6]. A tracking X-ray microscopy, recently developed in our laboratory for visualization of alveolar dynamics in live intact mice in /in-situ/ and /real-time/, will be also introduced. [7]

Finally, a fast microtomography, recently developed for real-time 3-D imaging [8], will be introduced. Based on the fast microtomography, we were able to visualize various types of cells of an Arabidopsis root in 3-dimension during root growth in water.

1. G. Margaritondo, Y. Hwu, and Jung Ho Je, "Synchrotron Light in Medical and Materials Science Radiology", *Rivista del Nuovo Cimento*, 27 (2004) 1.

2. W.L. Tsai, P.C. Hsu, Y. Hwu, C.H. Chen, L.W. Chang, Jung Ho Je, H.M. Kin, A. Groso, G. Margaritondo, "Electrochemistry : Building on bubbles in metal electrodeposition", *Nature*, Vol.417, (2002) 139.

3. Y. Hwu, W.L. Tsai, A. Groso, G. Margaritondo, and J.H. Je, "Coherence-enhanced synchrotron radiology: simple theory and practical applications", *J. **Phys. D: Appl. Phys.*, 35 (2002) R105.

4. J.K. Kim, N. Kwon, S. Chang, K.T. Kim, D. Lee, S. Kim, S.J. Yun, D. Hwang, J.W. Kim, Y. Hwu, G. Margaritondo, Jung Ho Je, and I.J. Rhyu, “Altered branching patterns of Purkinje cells in mouse model for cortical development disorder”, *Scientific Reports*, Vol. 1 (2011) 122.

5. Jinkyung Kim, Hyun-Wook Kim, Soeun Chang, Jee Woong Kim, Jung Ho Je, and Im Joo Rhyu, “Growth patterns for acervuli in human pineal gland”, *Scientific Reports*, Vol. 2 (2012) 984.

6. J.K. Kim, N. Kwon, Y.H. Choi, S. Chang, K.T. Kim, and Jung Ho Je, “Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1”, *Scientific Reports*,* *Vol. 2 (2012) 468.

7. S. Chang, N. Kwon, B.M. Weon, J. Kim, C.K. Rhee, H.S. Choi, Y. Kohmura, M. Yamamoto, T. Ishikawa, and Jung Ho Je, "Tracking X-ray microscopy identifies alveolar dynamics in live intact mice", *Scientific Reports*, Vol. 3 (2013) 1304.

8. J.W. Jung, J.S. Lee, N. Kwon, S.J. Park, S. Chang, J. Kim, J. Pyo, Y. Kohmura, Y. Nishino, M. Yamamoto, T. Ishikawa, and J.H. Je, " Fast microtomography using bright monochromatic x-rays", *Rev. Sci. Instrum.*, 83 (2012) 093704.